Discipline Process For Special Education - 1039 Words

Discipline Process Matthew Trotti Grand Canyon University: SPD 510 9/23/15 Discipline Process For students with special education it is stated under IDEA that â€Å"with regards to school discipline, schools may consider each situation on a case-by-case basis when determining if a change of placement appropriate for a special education child who violates school education code† (Understanding School Discipline for Special Education Students). The discipline process for students with disabilities in the special education program can be a difficult topic for most school districts. This paper will answer questions from the case scenario considering what should happen immediately to Charlie?, what services, if any, are provided to Charlie during his removal to an IAES?, and who needs to be contacted?. This paper will also consider the topic of if a manifestation determination review is held for Charlie answering questions on what disciplinary actions are permissible?, What, if, any, services will be provided to Charlie during the duration of the discipli nary action?, and finally what happens if Charlie’s parents appeal the manifestation determination?. Case Scenario In the case scenario you have Charlie a 5th grade student with special education services. Charlie is acting out of the norm of how he normally acts in school and is caught stealing software. After being caught and while retrieving his things from class he then threatens his teacher therefore causing him to getShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Discipline And Discipline Problems1185 Words   |  5 PagesIn a perfect world, there are schools that have the best students along with the greatest teachers where discipline is never an issue because everyone follows the rules. In reality there are not any schools that fall into this category so therefore administrators must embrace the fact that sometime during the course of the year, there will be issues that involves students and discipline problems. Problems will arise throughout the year and the administrators must make sure they do their best in beingRead MoreStudents With Special Needs Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pageswit h students in special education who receive instruction through their individualized education plan (IEP). These students in special education are protected under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) which is legislation that presides over the special education process for students until they reach the legal age of twenty-one. These laws that ensure that special education students receive a quality, free education but they can complicate the discipline process for school administratorsRead MoreActing With Integrity And Fairness Essay847 Words   |  4 Pagesdue process procedures for student discipline, and 2.The student intern will review the current administration of student discipline and attendance policies. Administrators come across situations every day that demand due process. As an instructional leader, the principal should treat everyone fairly and procedurally. I have examined the laws of Due Process and their application at Palmetto School. This project benefitted me in learning about the due process procedures for student discipline andRead MoreDiscipline in High School and Elementary Education Essay1209 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Discipline in High School and Elementary Education Grand Canyon University: SPE-350 January 10, 2014 When it comes to special education, discipline is a major concern in this area because many students are incessantly being expelled for their behavior issues that are caused by their disabilities. With the previous law students were excluded from school and received long suspension time because of their behavioral problems but when the new law was passed in 2004 students thatRead MoreGraduation Speech On Special Education942 Words   |  4 PagesAmid the rush of the last week of school, I was able to sit down with my principal, who is retiring after 32 years in education. He has spent the majority of it as a building administrator, but the 22 years have been spread over elementary, middle, and high school populations. Originally, he taught high school Spanish and is fluent in several languages. He talks to all our students in Spanish at some point during their high school experience, which gives those studying the language the opportunityRead MoreGeneral Education And Special Ed ucation930 Words   |  4 PagesCo-Teaching Expectations Division of Labor General education and special education teacher are require to work together as a team to ensure the students in the inclusive classroom setting is learning with the accurate accommodation and tools to fit their needs. The general education and special education teacher work together to create a lesson plan to which it targets all areas of learning for all students in the inclusive classroom setting. Both teachers should sit together to discuss their concernsRead MoreThehistory of Special Education1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe History of Special Education and the Laws Associated with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Latrena Y. Haynes Grand Canyon University: SPE - 526 March 05, 2014 Abstract Special education is a type of education for students with special needs. The term is usually abbreviated as SPED which can also mean Saving People Every Day. This includes people who are different from normal people whether they are a baby, toddler, young adult, or an adult. This includes peopleRead MoreProfessional : Self Assessment And Professional Standards1111 Words   |  5 PagesAccreditation of Teacher Education† (Council for Exceptional Children.2015, Retrieved May 13, 2015). The Council for Exceptional Children incorporated specialty set into seven preparation standards organized by: learners and learning environment, curricular knowledge, assessment, specialized pedagogical skills, and professional collaboration skills. The specialty sets that the CEC used are made up of two parts: knowledge and skills that are shared across the special education discipline which are joinedRead More Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pagesprincipl e behind IDEA was to ensure an equal opportunity for all children. In order to affect that idea, we have to find a balance between all children’s needs. In 1975, came the passage of the federal Education of All Handicapped Children Act, now revised as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 1990). For handicapped children, the law was long overdue. The designers of IDEA saw themselves as progressive reformers, designing fairer, more responsive schools. The lawmakers were attemptingRead MoreLegal Framework Differences : Regular And Special Students Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesLegal Framework Differences: Regular and Special Students/Public and Private Schools During the interview we addressed the legal framework for students whether special education and general education students attending private and public school. â€Å"Private schools are not obligated to adhere to Special Education Laws. Many private schools do not accept students with disabilities. Public schools receive funding from the Federal Government for students with disabilities but private schools,† (Pritchett

Managing Global Expansion - 1920 Words

This paper examines some of the economic and legal factors that can affect a company as it transitions from a private to a publically owned company. This paper, consisting of four sections; describes, discusses, and analyzes the major concerns that the owners of XYZ Construction, Incorporated have on expansion and economics. Section one covers the macroeconomic factors that influence the operations of the company. Section two focuses on the microeconomic factors that XYZ Construction, Inc. should consider in the domestic and global markets. Section three dissects the legal considerations that are relative to equipment leases and electronic contracts. Finally, section four will examine the employment and labor considerations that†¦show more content†¦Companies use factors of production such as labor, capital, natural resources, and entrepreneur-ship to produce products and services (Executive, 2011). This is important because the profit margin for XYZ Construction, Inc. will be determined by the income that remains after it pays wages (to its employees), interest (on loans), and rent (for facilities). If XYZ Construction, Inc. examines the wage portion of the profit margin calculation, they will see that the minimum wage has a significant impact on the company’s bottom-line. Ingram (2011) says that businesses that employee a large total of unskilled labor will experience significant increases in wage payouts. According to Ingram (2011) the minimum wage grew from five dollars and eighty-five cents to seven dollars and twenty-five cents between 2007 and 2009. XYZ Construction, Inc. will have to understand that increases like this are not negotiable and funding must be allocated in the event of a government increase in the minimum wage. It is important that companies understand this type of hiring practice because it leads to reduced profit margins and increased expenses (Ingram, 2011). Section Three - Legal Considerations for Equipment Leases and Electronic Contracts Equipment leases are a part of a billion-dollar industry, which covers personal property, consumer leases, automobiles, aircrafts, industrial machinery, and equipment (Executive, 2011). The aforementioned typesShow MoreRelatedManaging Global Expansion7295 Words   |  30 PagesManaging Global Expansion: A Conceptual Framework. Business Horizons | March 01, 2000 | Gupta, Anil K.; Govindarajan, Vijay | COPYRIGHT 1989 JAI Press, Inc. (Hide copyright information)Copyright [pic] There are at least five reasons why the need to become global has ceased to be a discretionary option and become a strategic imperative for virtually any medium-sized to large corporation. 1. The Growth Imperative. Companies have no choice but to persist in a neverending quest for growth if theyRead MoreSfsw680 Words   |  3 PagesGeographic dispersion amp; cultural diversity As economic borders come down, cultural barriers will most likely go up and present new challenges and opportunities for business. As global restructuring takes place within the company, Koch leads a geographically dispersed project team (i.e. Germans and Chinese members ) to standardize its personnel selection methods in the APAC region for staffing 25 new middle management positions. The HR executive encounters problems when leading across culturalRead MoreWhy culture is important in doing international business?1513 Words   |  7 Pagesborders are blending and multi-national mergers are causing many company nationalities to become indistinct. As the globalization of markets rapidly increases, many companies are finding international expansion a necessity of competition. The world is greatly affected by this movement towards a global market, and many companies are finding it extremely important to adapt to other cultures. The most considerable obstructions to successful international marketing involve misinterpretations and contraryRead MoreStarbucks Brand1422 Words   |  6 PagesStarbucks Corporation: Managing a High Growth Brand 1 One of the main keys for success for Starbucks in building the brand is their focus on quality, starting by the quality of the whole bean, the freshly roasted gourmet beans, its packaging, transportation, until its brewing. This has served as a main differentiator between Starbucks and other brands. Starbucks has succeeded to position itself as a unique quality coffee provider. Starbucks also managed to build its brand with the perceptionRead MoreChange Management1210 Words   |  5 Pageswhich will act as a stepping stone for its further planned expansion in Brazil, Russia, India China (BRIC Countries). This project would lead to a short-term change in the organization. XYZ, Inc.’s plan to expand its business in other BRIC Countries depends on the success of its first international store in Shanghai. The lessons learnt from the opening of first store, positive or negative, will be applied in the long term expansion of the company in BRIC countries, which entails long term changesRead MoreA Brief Note On The Cold Stone Creamery Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagescountries. The first expansion was Singapore and Malaysia; this would be a master partner who is directly in control of food and beverage as well as the best private developer. The opportunity to open ten Cold Stone stores in Singapore and six in Malaysia by the year 2014 was moving rapidly. In early 2011, where the busiest and the famous road is located in Singapore, traffic is overwhelming and a prime place to open Cold Stone Creamery. Other creameries to open are scheduled for expansion in Cyprus GreeceRead MoreMultinational Corporations Based On International Business Essay1730 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferentiation and integration (Lawrence and Lorsch, 1967). Multinationals must decide how to be sensitive to the unique demands of the indigenous environment without inhibiting their ability to coordinate the internal operations of local units in search of global strategies. As these issues of differentiation and integration are often facilitated by HRM activities, they represent a critical component in the IHRM. An example of this dual focus is found in most multinational corporations based on internationalRead MorePhase 2 Individual Projects Essay953 Words   |  4 Pagesmanagement to strategize global expansion. . They develop effective customer brand loyalty through their Human Resource Department and company personnel. McDonald’s international orientation has ethnocentric and polycentric approaches. Its ethnocentric approach begins with how they initially entered international markets by leveraging standardized product offerings, clean and bright environments, and American brand equity (McDonald’s Success Strategy and Global Expansion through Customer and BrandRead MoreGlobal Operations Management1015 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Operations Management Abstract The world offers significant business opportunities for every company, however, opportunities are accompanied by significant challenges for managers. Managing global operations across diverse cultures and markets represents a big challenge and opportunity for companies. To compete in the global market and be successful, companies must learn the strategies, policies, norms and technology necessary to conduct international business. The opportunities forRead MoreEssay on International Expansion1026 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment International Expansion Many companies today want to expand their business to the international business, which can bring cost down and profits up. Taking a business internationally means knowing the rules and regulations of the countries you are entering. There can be many issues with going global which include cultural barriers, diversity issues, multicultural issues, political issues, and economical issues. It is very important to know how important expansion is to the company and what

Leadership and Organizational Studies †Free Samples to Students

Question: Disuss about the Leadership and Organizational Studies. Answer: Introduction: In the past three years, I have been working as a part time accountant professional at the Melyn Gas, a US based gas supplier. Melyn Gas is one of the leading gas suppliers in the US. The companys growth and expansion is attributed to the acquisition of similar companies in the country. The companys strategy of acquisition resulted into one of the major ethical dilemmas that I have faced in my career as a practicing accountant. Four months ago, the company acquired Ki Gas Suppliers, one of the competitors of Melyn Gas in the American gas industry. While recording the transaction in the financial books, the senior accountant asked me to reduce the book value of Ki Gas Suppliers, and this meant that the book value of an asset that was acquired at $2.3 billion was reduced to $1.2 billion. Although I objected to the practice, this was a common scenario in the company because it helped the company to keep a false financial position to the investors, who received a false impression that th e company was making profits despite the huge losses that the company continuously suffered. The company also engages in such practices to attract more investors to the company. According to Kohlbergs Stage 3 of Moral Development, it is expected that a subordinate would follow the instructions of his seniors to conform to social order; however, I refused to reduce the book value of Ki Gas Supplier despite the stern directive by the senior accountant left me in a major dilemma. As a professional accounting practitioner, I am guided by the principles of International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA), and this does not allow me to engage in keeping false and inaccurate financial records (Hayes, 2011). Besides, reducing the book value of the newly acquired asset would lead to the losses in the company that would lead to its collapse and the loss of billions of investors money. On the other hand, the failure to comply with the demands of my senior accountant meant that I would lose the positive reputation that I had earned in my department. Holding into my position also had further consequences such loss the loss of my job, a negative appraisal from my boss, or a lack of promotion. Equally, in the event that I informed the management of the practice could have an unexpected outcome as the fingers of blame could possible turn against me. Why it is an ethical dilemma As a subordinate accounting practitioner at Melyn Gas, this was a major ethical dilemma for me because my action to compliance or failure to comply with my seniors directives had significant consequences. Therefore, it was expected that I should evaluate the situation and make the most ethical decision. This can be understood using Jones moral intensity, which states that the extent of the consequences is determined by the impacts of the decision has on the victims (Fatoki Marembo, 2012). Based on the factors present in a dilemma above, one of the consequences of my compliance to the directive is contributing to the inaccuracies in the financial records of the company. This is a serious accounting offense because it violates IESBAs first accounting principle of objectivity (Rose, 2016). In the event that I reduce the book value of the newly acquired asset, the company will paint a false impression to the public and stakeholders that it is making profits while in reality, there are rampant losses in the company. The deception would finally lead to bankruptcy and the eventual collapse of Melyn Gas. Conversely, the chances of retaining my position within the company would remain very slim if I refused to take part in this accounting fraud. Refusing to be an accomplice in the fraud meant that my senior would give me poor appraisal result. In addition, this would be a major blow to my positive performance in the company and could lead to the loss of my job in the company. The scenario above is also an ethical dilemma because the compliance with the directives from the senior accountant constitutes an immoral act. Reducing the value of Ki Gas from the actual buying price to a lower value is an immoral act of theft and corruption that would be considered by the employees, the investors and by the members of the public to lack moral support. This can be understood through the social consensus theory, which refers to the societal pint of view that an act an action is considered unethical if it is viewed as immoral by the larger society (Slote, 2013). The accounting fraternity requires that all accountants should maintain professionalism in practice. This was also an ethical dilemma because my compliance would cause harm to more people in the society while benefiting only a few. When I reduce the book value of the company, the false financial position of the company will attract an increased number of investors who want to generate profits from the companys outstanding performance in the markets (Fu, 2015). However, the eventual collapse of the company would lead to the loss of tens of billions of investors money. On this basis, many investors will suffer serious financial loss. Besides, the collapse of the company will mean a shortage in the supply of gas in the US, exposing members of the public from accessing this commodity. To minimize harm, it is necessary that I decline to comply. This can be understood through the utilitarian theory, which states that an action should be aimed at maximizing the good of the majority while reducing pain. This was an ethical dilemma for me because my decision to reject taking part in the act would affect negatively the proximity and my relationship with the senior manager at the company. According to Renouard (2011), proximity refers to the relationship between the individual in the position of making a decision and the individuals who will be affected by the consequences. As a subordinate in the company, there was a proximity between me and the senior accountant; however, there is a distant proximity between myself as the employee, the senior accountant, and the external stakeholders. Proposed ethical solutions The first solution to the above ethical dilemma is to adhere to the principles of accounting as stipulated by IESBA. According to Hayes (2011), there are five major principles of accounting that can help be used to offer solutions during ethical dilemmas in the accounting industry. Firstly, an accountant should observe the principle of integrity and objectivity, and this will help him to act in an honest and a straight forward manner. In this regard, an accountant in the above ethical dilemma will not reduce the assets book value. Secondly, an accountant can overcome this dilemma by observing the principle of professional care and due diligence. This principle requires that an accountant professional should offer competent service to the clients, and hence, this will not allow one to reduce the book value of an asset. With regards to the principles of accounting, the above ethical dilemma can also be overcome by the observation of professional behavior, which states that all practici ng accountant professional should observe all account laws and regulations that and avoid engaging in any action that violates the profession of accounting (Fenning, Appiah, Frempong, 2015). Another proposed solution to this ethical dilemma is the avoidance of conflicts of interest. Conflict of interest refers to a situation where one decides to engage in an activity to derive personal benefits. In the given case scenario, the senior accountant and other top managers at Melyn Gas engage in the practice of reducing the book value of assets that they have acquired in order to get the opportunity to steal from the profits generated by the firm at the cost of other stakeholders of the company. In this regard, to overcome such scenarios, a practicing professional accountant should avoid situations of conflicts of interest (Yukl, Mahsud, Hassan, Prussia, 2013). This is in accordance with the utilitarian theory which argues that the decisions and human actions should aim at reducing pain while maximizing pleasure and for the benefit of the majority (Velasquez, 2010). As a utilitarian, it is better placed for one to make a decision that will benefit the majority. Therefore, I w ill not follow the directives of my senior accountant to and act in favour of the larger population which in this case are the many investors who have injected their money in the company and the millions of consumers who rely on Melyn Gas for energy supply. This ethical dilemma can also be solved by fostering for good leadership both at the top management and across all the departments at Melyn Gas. The fact that the directive to reduce the book value of an acquired asset is a clear indication of the lack of integrity within the leadership of a company. It is a serious act of corruption and poor leadership that needs to be addressed (O'Rourke, 2010). In this case scenario, one should stand for the good leadership, one that is honest and straightforward, and therefore, as an accountant one should report the matter to the relevant authorities for appropriate action to be taken. Portfolio of Evidence The give case studies reveal important ideas in the ethical leadership debate. Firstly, in the case study of Deshi Chen, it is clear that Deshi is in agreement with the motion of the ethical debate despite the fact that he does not subscribe to the school of business ethics. Deshi plays the role of a shareholder whose major interest is to generate profits and as one who focuses on self-interest and less concerned with engaging in corporate social responsibilities. He is guided by the universal principles, and therefore, he believes that one can go against the established rules and regulations for his gains. As a result, Deshi goes ahead to introduce the idea of eliminating the module of business ethics as a course that should be studied. It is because of this that Deshi is described by the members of his debate team to be at the sixth stage of Kohlbergs Moral Development (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2013). On the other hand, the team that was in opposition to the debate motion argu ed against Deshis idea that Business Ethics Module should be scrapped off from their program. From my perspective, Deshi is a straightforward individual who lets people know what he thinks and what he wants. This illustrates that he possess high self-esteem and self-believe, which are vital for success in the business industry. In the second case study, Edward Jan is seen to be in opposition of the ethical leadership debate. In this case study, the author places Edward Jan as belonging to the sixth stage of Kohlbergs Moral Development because of her ambition to introduce changes in the Guatemala Business Schools system of studies. Jan proposes for the introduction of a system of studies that focus on the individual achievement of profitability to one that focuses on the management of peoples skills (Ahmad, Ansari, Aafaqi, 2005). The position held by Edward Jan was described by the members of her debate to be in accordance with the Kantian Categorical Imperative because she prioritized the dignity and wellness of human beings. On the other hand, the team that was opposing the ethical leadership debate viewed Edward Jan as a strategy as an egoistic approach to handling social issues (Evans, Levitt, Henning, 2012). This is because the stressed that he placed on his way of doing things. I believe that the man agement of the skills of people is the most appropriate way to improve the living conditions of the unfortunate members of the society. As a strong belief in utilitarianism, I believe in engaging in acts that minimize pain and increase pleasure. This is in line with Edward Jans idea of collaborating with her employees at Clean Solutions INC. to help the less fortunate in the society. From Mei Hua case study, it is clear that Mei is in opposition to the ethical leadership motion. Mei can best be categorized to belong to the fourth stage of Kohlbergs Moral Development (Remley Herlihy, 2010). This is because she observes certain rules of taxation while evading others, for example, she evades company taxes to ensure higher profits for the companys stakeholders (Klikauer, 2014). The opposers of the motion view Mei as egocentric for avoiding taxes. I believe that Meis position is wrong, for example, based on the social consensus theory, the practice of avoiding tax is consider as immoral by the majority member of the society (Lambie, Hagedorn, Ieva, 2010). In the final case study, Mike Gustavsson is opposing the ethical leadership debate. His team categorizes him into the sixth stage of Kohlbergs Moral Development because he has his unique ethical principles (Verges, 2010). Conversely, members of the opposing team consider him an inactive stakeholder and then changed to a dangerous stakeholder. From my perspective, Mikes actions are guided by Maxim 2 because he was concerned with the management of people and career development. The Seminar Case The case study of Holiday, there are four major characters namely, Marcus, Swan Lee, Borries, and Borries manager. According to the case study, Borries and his girlfriend; Swan Lee made arrangements to go for a holiday, where they planned to see the parents of Lee. However, Borries manager called Borries informing him that a customer had re-scheduled the launch of a product. The scheduled date happened to be during Borries holiday, and as a result, Borries found himself in a dilemma of whether to attend the launching event or to proceed with the holiday plans. Based on the information learned in this module, the dilemma above can best be described using the six dimensions of Jones moral intensity (Mansell, 2013). The first dimension that helps us to understand this situation of a dilemma is the magnitude of consequences. If Borries chose to proceed with the holiday, he faces the consequence of ruining the relationship between him and his manager, and this would have significant negative consequences on his job because the product launch will be delayed. Conversely, if Borries chose to attend the launch, he will jeopardize the relationship between him and the family of his girlfriend. This is a major consequence from the side of Borries, and this can be explained using the Social Consensus Theory (Mitchell, Agle, Wood, 1997). Proceeding with the holiday is a lack of loyalty and a sign of disrespect to the manager. In this regard, it is most appropriate that Borries should cancel the holiday trip and attend the product launch event. This decision is based on several factors, for example, according to the terms and condition of employment, it is the duty and responsibility of Borries to attend the functions of the company. Therefore, Borries will take it as an individual responsibility that he has to fulfill. In addition to this, Borries has to take into consideration the factor of temporal immediacy (Renouard, 2011). The cancellation of the holiday trip will have an immediate but temporal impact on his relationship with Marcus, Swan Lee, and the family members of Swan Lee; however, this will have a temporal consequence. On the other hand, proceeding with the holiday will have immediate and long term impacts on both the relationship and the career of Borries. This is because there are high chances that Borries will lose the contract that was between him and the client whose product was being launched. Equally, it is very likely that the manager will be upset, a situation that will come along with negative consequences. For example, Borries may receive negative appraisal from the manager, and he may also not get a job promotion. In the given case scenario, Borries chooses to stay back and attend the product launch event. He argued that his decision was right despite causing a major disappointment to Marcus, Swan Lee, and Swan Lees family. This can be described as an egocentric approach to the process of making decisions during an ethical dilemma (Schulzke, 2012). Swan Lee and Marcus tried to convince him to change his mind to no avails. In this regard, the two can be referred to as demanding stakeholders who have urgency but lack legitimacy and power (Joseph, 2010). On the other hand, Maxim 2 can be used to describe Borries manager because his decision was guided by the need to care for human dignity (Levitt Jacques, 2005). Interpersonal and Team-working Skills Throughout this module, I have developed effective inter-personal and team work skills that I have managed to utilize in the module. During the module, I have utilized Maxim 2, which advocates for accommodation third parties ideas (Shapiro Stefkovich, 2011). Throughout the module, I have been open to listening to the contribution of group members that I have worked with in class. My interpersonal skills were also guided by Kohlbergs Moral Development, particularly stage three of development. As an individual, I give my teammates the chance to present their views, and I evaluate them thoroughly in order to make informed decisions (Crowley Gottlieb, 2012). As an individual who embraces teamwork, I appreciate the efforts of all members of the groups that I work with. In the group that I worked with, my decisions were arrived at after in-depth consultation with all the members. In our team, we allowed all the members to make contributions, after which we evaluate and analyze them carefully to arrive at a proper decision. Working in a group like this is quite challenging because it entails making a lot of compromises. Conflicts often arise between individuals who have opposing views and the decision-making process is tedious and time-consuming (Granello, 2010). In summary, the observation of ethical leadership is vital in organization leadership and success. Organizational settings are normally faced with situations of an ethical dilemma; however, the individual in the situation of dilemma can make use of various theories of organizational behavior to make the appropriate decision. The final decision during an ethical dilemma should ensure the benefit of the majority of the parties involved. For example, based on the utilitarian theory, the course of action should maximize pleasure and minimize pain among those who are affected. References Ahmad, N. H., Ansari, M. A., Aafaqi, R. (2005). Ethical reasoning: the impact of ethical dilemma, egoism and belief in just world. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 10(2), 81-101. Crowley, J. D., Gottlieb, M. C. (2012). Objects in the mirror are closer than they appear: A primary prevention model for ethical decision making. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43, 65-72 Evans, A. M., Levitt, D. H., Henning, S. (2012). The Application of Ethical Decision- Making and Self-Awareness in the Counselor Education Classroom. Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision, 4(2), 41-52. Fatoki, O. Marembo, M. (2012). An investigation into the attitudes towards business ethics by university students in South Africa. African Journal of Business Management, 6(18), 5865-5871. Fenning, F. A., Appiah, M. A., Frempong, E. O. (2015). The Role of Business Ethics on Business Practices in Ghana. The International Journal Of Business Management, 3(9), 47-51. Ferrell, O.C., Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. (2013) Business ethics social responsibility. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Fu, I. (2015). Favoritism: Ethical Dilemmas Viewed Through Multiple Paradigms. The Journal of Values-Based Leadership, 8(1), Article 6. Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/jvbl/vol8/iss1/6 Granello, D. H. (2010). Cognitive complexity among practicing counselors: How thinking changes with experience. Journal of Counseling and Development, 88, 92-100. Hayes, J. L. (2011). Business Fraud From Trust to Betrayal: How to Protect Your Business in 7 Easy Steps. Minneapolis, MN: Bascom Hill Publishing. Joseph, D. (2010). An introduction to business ethics (4th Ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. Klikauer, T. (2014). Human Resource Management and Kohlbergs Scale of Moral Development. Philosophy of Management, 13(1), 73-95. Lambie, G. W., Hagedorn, W. B., Ieva, K. P. (2010). Social-cognitive development, ethical and legal knowledge, and ethical decision making of counselor education students. Counselor Education Supervision, 49, 228-246. Levitt, D. H., Jacques, J. D. (2005). Promoting tolerance for ambiguity in counselor training programs. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 44, 46-53. Mansell, S. (2013). Shareholder Theory and Kants Duty of Beneficence. Journal of Business Ethics, 117(3), 583-599. Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R. Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a Theory of Stakeholder Identification and Salience: Defining the Principle of Who and What Really Counts. The Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 853-886. O'Rourke, J. (2010). Management communication: A case analysis approaches. (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Remley, T. P., Herlihy, B. P. (2010). Ethical, legal and professional issues in counseling. (3rd Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Renouard, C. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility, Utilitarianism, and the Capabilities Approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(1), 85-97. Rose, O. (2016). Business Ethics and the Challenges of Compliance in Nigeria. The international journal of business management, 4(12), 192-201. Schulzke, M. (2012). Kant s categorical imperative, the value of respect, and the treatment of women. Journal of Military Ethics, 11(1), 26-41. Shapiro, J. P., Stefkovich, J.A. (2011). Ethical leadership and decision-making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. (3rd Ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. Slote, M. (2013). Egoism and Emotion. Philosophia, 41(2), 313-335. Velasquez, M. G. (2010). Business Ethics: Concepts and cases. (6th Ed.). Pearson Education, Inc. Verges, A. (2010). Integrating contextual issues in ethical decision making. Ethics Behavior, 20(6), 497-507. Yukl, G., Mahsud, R., Hassan, S., Prussia, G. E. (2013). An improved measure of ethical leadership. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies

Non-bank financial institution free essay sample

a) What are the categories of non bank financial institutions? b) Give similarities and differences between non banking financial institutions and commercial banks. INTRODUCTION A non-bank financial institution (NBFI) is a financial institution that does not have a full banking license. It can also be defined as a financial institution that is not supervised by a national or international banking regulatory agency. such institutions facilitate bank-related financial services, such as investment, risk pooling, contractual savings, and market brokering. NBFI can add to the health and stability of a financial system by making it complete, balanced and sophiscated. NBFIs supplement the role of commercial banks in providing financial services in the economy by serving the section of population generally not covered by banks, help improve the operational efficiency through enhanced competition in the market and improve the resilience of the financial system. NBFI also play a complementary role. They often borrow funds from banks and extend them as loans to their customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Non-bank financial institution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They also increase competition in the financial system. They compete with banks in deposit collection and loan advancements. NBFI play an important role in strengthening the economy of a country by providing many alternatives to transform an economys savings into capital investment. These institutions also introduce competition in the provision of financial service. Categories of non bank financial institutions. Depending upon their nature of activities, non- banking finance companies can be categorized into the following categories; a). Asset Finance Company (AFC): An AFC is a company which is a financial institution that holds the principal in business of financing physical assets supporting productive/economic activity, such as automobiles, tractors, lathe machines, generator sets, earth moving and material handling equipments, moving on own power and general purpose industrial machines. b). Loan Company (LC): LC means any company which is a financial institution that has its main principal in business as provision of finance whether by making loans or advances or otherwise for any activity other than its own but does not include an Asset Finance Company. c). Investment Company (IC): IC means any company involved in the business of shares, stocks, bonds, debentures issued by government and local authority that are marketable in nature. Example stock brokering companies like Nairobi stock exchange (NSE). d). Contractual savings institutions (CIV) Contractual savings institutions (also called institutional investors) give individuals the opportunity to invest in collective investment vehicles (CIV) as a fiduciary rather than a principal role. Collective investment vehicles pool resources from individuals and firms into various financial instruments including equity, debt, and derivatives. Note that the individual holds equity in the CIV itself rather what the CIV invests in specifically. The two most popular examples of contractual savings institutions are pension funds and mutual funds. e). Risk-pooling institutions Insurance companies underwrite economic risks associated with illness, death, damage and other risks of loss. In return to collecting an insurance premium, insurance companies provide a contingent promise of economic protection in the case of loss. There are two main types of insurance companies: general insurance and life insurance. General insurance tends to be short term, while life insurance is a longer-term contract, which terminates at the death of the insured. Both types of insurance, life and general, are available to all sectors of the community. f). Financial service providers Financial service providers include brokers (both securities and mortgage), management consultants, and financial advisors, and they operate on a fee-for-service basis. Their services include: improving informational efficiency for the investors and, in the case of brokers, offering a transactions service by which an investor can liquidate existing assets. g). Market makers Market makers are broker-dealer institutions that quote a buy and sell price and facilitate transactions for financial assets. Such assets include equities, government and corporate debt, derivatives, and foreign currencies. After receiving an order, the market maker immediately sells from its inventory or makes a purchase to offset the loss in inventory. The differential between the buying and selling quotes, or the bid–offer spread, is how the market-maker makes profit. A major contribution of the market makers is improving the liquidity of financial assets in the market. Similarities between non bank financial institutions and commercial banks The key similarity between banks and other financial institutes is the facility of cash deposits. This unique facility is provided by the banking sector to all its customers through means of saving accounts and current accounts. This is an easy and effective way of handling all the personal as well as business finances. Apart from this, banks also serve as financial intermediaries offering a host of financial services to all customers. Non-banking financial institutes do provide various types of financial services (including cash deposits) but are not entitled to offer a savings account. These institutes mainly serve as investment tools or to fulfill the financial needs of individuals and companies. However, in the present day, banks are gradually expanding their operations and are offering all financial services including investment, loan, credit, and bonds under one shelter. Differences between non bank financial institutions and commercial banks . (i) Banks generally deals with short-term loans in the money market, whereas the nonbank intermediaries mostly deal with all types of loans i. e short-term, medium-term and long-term loans. (ii) The credit creation activities of the commercial banks are determined by the excess reserves and the cash-reserve ratio of the banks. The activities of the non-bank intermediaries (i. e. , saving mobilization, lending activities, etc. ) are largely governed by the structure of interest rates. (iii) Commercial banks raise funds costless because no interest is paid on demand deposits. Nonbank intermediaries, on the other hand, have to pay higher interest to attract more funds. (iv) The credit creation activities of the commercial banks are regulated and controlled by the central bank. The nonbank intermediaries are not generally under the control of central bank, and thus, then1 activities may create hurdles in the way of effective implementation of monetary policy. (v) Banks are financial institution whose liabilities (i. e. , deposits) are widely accepted as a means of payment in the settlement of debt. Non-bank financial intermediaries, on the other hand, are those institutions whose liabilities are not accepted as means of payment for the settlement of debt. (vi) People deposit money in the banks for safety, convenience and liquidity considerations. However, they invest their savings in the nonbank intermediaries with the motive of earning extra income. (vii) Commercial banks have the ability to generate multiple expansion of credit. The non-bank inter ­mediaries do not have such ability. They simply mobilize savings for investment (viii) Nonbank intermediaries can influence liquidity and create economic destabilization in the economy. Destabilization occurs when the financial claims on the nonbank intermediaries increase at the cost of demand deposits of the banks. (ix) Credit creation activities of the banks involve lesser time, while the lending activities of the non-bank intermediaries involve longer time. (x) Banks form a homogeneous group, while nonbank intermediaries form a heterogeneous group in the financial structure of the economy.